Chapter 12: Deductive Reasoning
1. Deduction is the subject of formal logic, whose main concern is with creating forms that demonstrate reasoning.
2. Logic has its own technical vocabulary, for example, argument, claim, hidden premise or conclusion, hypothesis, syllogism, valid, propositions.
3. Deductive reasoning is the process of starting with one or more statements called premises and investigating what conclusions necessarily follow from these premises.
4. Deductive and inductive reasoning are not isolated pursuits but are mentally interwoven both in major and mundane problem solving.
5. The standardized language of syllogisms allows a reduction of everyday language into verbal equations.
6. It is possible to infer the rules of valid and invalid reasoning from the study of models.
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